初中英语语法有哪些？

今天基础网小编整理了初中英语语法有哪些？相关信息，希望在这方面能够更好帮助到大家。

本文目录一览：

• 1、初中英语语法有哪些？
• 2、初中英语必备语法知识
• 3、人教版九年级英语语法整理

初中英语语法有哪些？

Ⅰ动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)

时
1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
I’ve been sitting in the garden.

2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作
I’d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.

4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

1. 语态
1) 可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:
He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.

能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)

2) 双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态
a) 双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

b) 宾补结构的被动语态:
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
Then he was made a squad leader.
He was considered quite qualified for the job.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.

2. 短语动词
1) Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late.
2) Vi + prep
They looked round the Cathedral.
3) Vi + prep (有被动语态)
She’s looking after her sister’s children.
The children were always well looked after.
4) Vi + adv + prep
I began to look forward to their visits.
5) Vt + O + adv
Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.
The children were brought up by their mother.
They took him on.
6) Vt + adv + O (无被动语态)
I am trying to give up smoking.
7) Vt + O + prep
We talked Donald into agreement.

3. 省略
1) 在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉.
a) Look out for cars when crossing the street.
When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.
While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.
Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.
If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.
Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.
This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.
Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.
She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.
She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.
Fill in the application as instructed.
Whenever known, such facts should be reported.
The documents will be returned as soon as signed.
He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.
Once having made a promise, you should keep it.

b) If necessary I’ll have the letter duplicated.
Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary.
If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.
As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.

2） 在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略.
a) He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary.
We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.

b) They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).
He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.
Their training is free, as is all education.
We will, as always, stand on your side.

3） 错误的省略
His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.
While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her

初中英语必备语法知识

对于大部分初中生来说，英语语法是十分难学的，不仅难理解，不好记忆，部分复发内容还很容易混淆。下面是我为大家整理的关于初中英语必备语法知识，希望对您有所帮助。欢迎大家阅读参考学习!

初中英语语法知识 总结

一、时间状语从句种类

1、引导的从句表示主从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作在主句之前。when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。例如：

When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。(瞬时动词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)

We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。

2、While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如：While my wife was reading the newspaper， I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢 足球 ，而你喜欢打 篮球 。(对比)

3、As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如：We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示”一边……一边“)As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)

4、由before和after引导的时间状语从句，表示两个动作一前一后发生。 例如：It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。

After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。

5、由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until.并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。till不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。例如：

I didn't go to bed until(till)my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。

初中英语语法知识归纳

感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)

感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。

what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：

掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。

How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序

How+形容词或副词+ 陈述语序

What +名词+ 陈述语序

What+a+形容词+名词+ 陈述语序

What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序

What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序 基础网

How clever a boy he is!

How lovely the baby is!

What noise they are making!

What a clever boy he is!

What wonderful ideas (we have)!

What cold weather it is!

感叹句的省略形式为：

What a clever boy (he is)!

定义：表达强烈情绪(喜、怒、哀、乐、惊、恐等)的 句子 叫做感叹句。

强烈情绪的表达通常有下列三种方式：

(a)使用感叹词;

(b)只用情绪感觉的语词，例如：

Water! Water! Quick!

(水!水!快!——如救火或救人时。)

What taste!

(这是什么味道啊!——如吃到怪味时)

(c)使用“How…!”或“What(a)…!”的句式，例如：

How beautiful you are, Helen!

(海伦，你是多么美!)

初中英语语法知识

可数名词的复数形式

1.可数名词的复数形式的规则变化：

1)一般情况，直接词尾加s, 读音：在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音和元音后读/z/,在t后读/ts/,在d后读/dz/,在以元音字母加y结尾的单词中，读/z/

如：cake-cakes,day-days ,student-students, bed-beds

2)以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词，加es,读/ⅠZ/, 如bus-buses, class-classes, watch-watches

3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i加es,读/z/

如：baby-babies, city-cities, country-countries, lady-ladies 4)部分以f(fe)结尾的词，变f(fe)为ves,读/vz/ 如：leaf-leaves, wolf-wolves, life-lives 5)以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词，加s,读/ⅠZ/ 如：face-faces, orange-oranges

2.不规则变化

1)单复同形：fish-fish,sheep-sheep, deer-deer, Chinese-chinese, Japanse 2)个别字母变化：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet 其他：mouse-mice 某国人变复数

中国人：a Chinese-chinese

某国人：an Enlishman-Englishmen 阿拉伯人：an Arab-Arabs

口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面

3)以-o结尾的名词，加es

记忆口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿 而一般情况下加s: zoo-zoos, radio-radios

4)复合名词前面的名词是man,woman变复数时，构成复合名词的两个名词全都要变成复数形式;若其他词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。 a man teacher—men teachers

a boy student-boy students

5)字母、数字、引语或缩略(词)语的复数形式是其后加’s或s There are two f’s in the word “office”. Many VIPs are coming to our city.

6)有些以f或fe结尾的词直接加s变成复数 roof-roofs, belief-beliefs, proof-proofs, chief-chiefs

相关 文章 ：

1. 初一英语期末必考12个语法知识点

2. 初中英语必须掌握的19个重点语法知识点

3. 初一英语语法知识必考的12个语法点

4. 初中英语五种语法知识点总结

5. 初一英语全册语法知识点汇总

人教版九年级英语语法整理

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人教版九年级英语语法1

介词by的用法

1. 意为“在……旁”，“靠近”。

Some are singing and dancing under a big tree. Some are drawing by the lake.

有的在大树下 唱歌 跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。

2. 意为“不迟于”，“到……时为止”。

Your son will be all right by supper time.

你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。

How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term?

到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲?

3. 表示 方法 、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。

The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.

猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。

The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.

孩子的父亲是那么的感激,于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。

4. 表示“逐个”，“逐批”的意思。

One by one they went past the table in the dark.

他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。

5. 表示“根据”，“按照”的意思。

What time is it by your watch?

你的表几点了?

6. 和take , hold等动词连用，说明接触身体的某一部分。

I took him by the hand.

我拉住了他的手。

7. 用于被动句中，表示行为主体,常译作“被”、“由”等。

English is spoken by many people.

英语被许多人说。(即“许多人讲英语。”)

人教版九年级英语语法2

动名词(doing)

动名词相当于名词,在 句子 中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

1. 作主语

Fighting broke out between the South and the North.

南方与北方开战了。

2. 作宾语

Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?

请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗?

3. 作表语

Babysister’s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children.

保姆的工作是洗衣服,作饭和照看孩子。

4. 做定语

a washing machine 一台洗衣机

人教版九年级英语语法3

used to 的用法

used to 意为过去常常做某事。

used to 的用法

1. 肯定句：used这个词没有人称的变化，to后面接动词原形。

否定句是didn’t use to….

When I was a child, I didn’t use to like apples.

当我还是孩子的时候我不喜欢苹果。

疑问形式是Did you use to…?

Where did you use to live before you came here?

当你来这儿之前你住哪儿?

2. 含有used to 的句子的反意疑问句不要usedn’t + 主语,而用didn’t + 主语。

——He used to smoke, didn’t he?

——他过去常常吸烟，是吗?

Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t.

是的，他吸。/ 不，他不吸。

人教版九年级英语语法4

被动语态

被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，助动词be有时态，人称和数的变化。被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。

1. 各种时态的被动语态结构如下：

一般现在时的被动语态：主语+am / is / are (not)+过去分词

一般过去时的被动语态：主语+was / were +过去分词

现在完成时的被动语态：主语+have / has +been +过去分词

一般将来时的被动语态：主语+will +be +过去分词

过去将来时的被动语态：主语+would / should + be +过去分词

过去进行时的被动语态：主语+was / were + being +过去分词

过去完成时的被动语态：主语+had + been +过去分词

情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词

2. 被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用by+动作执行者 短语 。

Football is played widely all over the world.

全世界都广泛地踢 足球 。

(2)强调动作的承受者。

The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。

(3)作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型。

It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.

据报道美国大约二十名 儿童 死于流感。

3. 主动语态的句子变为被动语态的步骤

(1)把原句中的宾语变为主语

(2)动词改为被动形式,即be+过去分词

(3)原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在by后面;如果没必要，可省略。

人教版九年级英语语法5

虚拟语气

如果我们所说的不是事实，而只是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气。

注意：条件句分两种，真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只有在虚拟(非真实)条件句中，才用虚拟语气;而在真实条件句中,要用陈述语气.

请比较：

(1)If it is sunny tomorrow , we’ll go to the zoo.

如果明天天气好,我们将会去公园。

在这句话中，明天天气好是完全有可能实现的，并非虚拟、幻想，因此是真实条件句，在本句中，适用“主将从现。”

(2)If I were you , I would go at once.

如果我是你的话，我立刻就走。

在这句话中，条件句“如果我是你”，但事实上，我不可能成为你，这只是假设的情况，没有实现的可能。当条件实现的可能性很小，甚至可以说没有时，就需要用虚拟语气来表示。

虚拟语气表示和现在的事实相反，从句用一般过时，主句用 “should/would/could/ might +动词原形。例如 ：

If I had time, I would go for a walk.

If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.

If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.

If I were you , I’d wear a shirt and tie.

注意：在虚拟语气的句子中，be动词只能用were，不能用was。

人教版九年级英语语法6

must/might/could/can t

1. must

(1)must 表示主观看法，意为“必须”。

如：You must stay here until I come back.

Must I hand in my homework right now?

对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to .

如：—Must I finish my homework?

—No, you needn’t.

(2)must也可以表示有把握的推测，意为“ 一定，肯定”，用于肯定句。

如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.

其否定形式mustn’t表示“禁止,不许”。

如：You mustn’t play with fire.

You mustn’t be late.

2. could

(1)can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。

如：He could write poems when he was 10.

(2)could在疑问句中，表示委婉请求的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。

如:Could you do me a favour?

—Could I use your pen?

—Yes, you can.(注意回答)

3. might

might为may的过去式。might表示推测时，表示可能性低于may(此时might没有过去式的意思)，当请求讲时，比may的语气更委婉。

He is away from school. He might be sick.

Might I use your dictionary?

4. can

(1)表示能力，一般译为“能、会”，尤其指生来具备的能力。

如：She can swim fast, but I can’t .

(2)表示许可，常在口语中。

如：You can use my dictionary.

(3)表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t译为“不可能”。

如：—Can the news be true?

—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.

人教版九年级英语语法7

定语从句

1. 定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

2. 定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

3. 定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

4. 关系代词的用法

(1)that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.

玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.

我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

(2)which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.

位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.

我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

(3)who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如：

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.

经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?

正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

4. 关系副词的用法

(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.

这是他到达的时间。

(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语。例如：

This is place where he works.

这是他工作的地点。

(3)why 指原因，其先行词是原因，why在定语从句中做原因状语。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

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